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  • What happens if the address overlaps?
15 Mar, 2023

What happens if the address overlaps?

インター博士ネット君にさっき設定してもらったパソコン。IPアドレス▼が別のパソコンと重複しているぞ。

ネット君あれ?何で?

インター博士何でも何も。単なるミスだろ。

ネット君そ、それは…。でもIPアドレスが重複していると、何がまずいんですかね?

DHCP▼のおかげで、パソコンやスマートフォンといった端末のIPアドレスは自動的に設定される。だがルーターなどのネットワーク機器は、基本的に手動でIPアドレスを設定する。端末であっても、DHCPを使っていない環境では同様だ。

Be careful in manual settings is the duplication of the IP address.Due to the sorting of IP addresses and input mistakes, the IP address used by another device may be set.

アドレスが重複したらどうなるの?

What problems will occur if the IP address is duplicated?Let's explain step by step.

有線(イーサネット)でも無線LANでも、同じネットワークに存在する機器にパケットを送る場合には、宛先をMACアドレス▼で指定する。このためIPアドレスからMACアドレスを調べる必要がある。そのためのプロトコルがARP▼である。IPアドレスからMACアドレスを調べることはアドレス解決という。

送信元は、送信元のIPアドレスおよびMACアドレス、MACアドレスを問い合わせたい宛先IPアドレス(目標IPアドレス▼)などを格納したARP要求をブロードキャスト▼する(図1)。

図1●ARPでIPアドレスからMACアドレスを求めるARPによるアドレス解決の流れ。送信元はIPアドレスを格納したARP要求をブロードキャストで送信。そのIPアドレスが割り当てられている機器は自分のMACアドレスを格納したARP応答を返す。またARP応答を送受信した機器は、対応するIPアドレスとMACアドレスをARPキャッシュに登録する。[画像のクリックで拡大表示]

The device that has received the ARP request returns the ARP response that stores your MAC address if your target IP address is your IP address.

However, it does not solve the address every time.ARP has a cache mechanism, and the information once inquired should be registered for a certain period of time.The sender who received the ARP response registers the correspondence of the MAC address and IP address that he learned by the ARP response in the ARP cache.

In addition, the device that sends the ARP response is registered with the IP address and the MAC address of the sender of the ARP request in the ARP cache.Only the device that sends the ARP response is registered for the ARP request information.Devices that do not send ARP response do not register information on ARP requests.

If you want to solve the address, first check the ARP cache.If there is no MAC address corresponding to the destination IP address, the ARP request is sent as described above.

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